Oh that's interesting, I wonder if the latter comes *from* this?
Idk re the former, but there are a LOT of linguistic overlaps on that point in the development of English re 'charm', which has an almost universally negative magical-power connotation in Anglo-Saxon manuscripts and then comes to take on lighter, romantic associations, all without dropping femme connotations (always with an edge of potential mind-control--for a brief period circa The Monk the term's flat out serving as a euphemism for female genitals). So it'd make more sense to me than not, in a way, that there was this contested/shared territory re gender performance in another language?
Re: Guan Ju
Idk re the former, but there are a LOT of linguistic overlaps on that point in the development of English re 'charm', which has an almost universally negative magical-power connotation in Anglo-Saxon manuscripts and then comes to take on lighter, romantic associations, all without dropping femme connotations (always with an edge of potential mind-control--for a brief period circa The Monk the term's flat out serving as a euphemism for female genitals). So it'd make more sense to me than not, in a way, that there was this contested/shared territory re gender performance in another language?